Astronomers have confirmed a remarkable new feature at Saturn’s south pole: a giant 10-sided atmospheric wave, known as a decagon. The structure was first hinted at in Hubble Space Telescope images from 2023 and became increasingly clear in observations through 2025. Researchers announced the discovery in 2026 after confirming that the pattern forms a distinct, large-scale geometric shape encircling the pole.
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| The area around Saturn’s south pole. This photo shows a pattern of clouds, now confirmed as a 10-sided figure known as the Saturn decagon. Image via NASA/ ESA/ A. Sánchez-Lavega/ EHU/ AP. |
The discovery is especially intriguing because Saturn is already famous for the long-lived hexagon at its north pole. While the new southern decagon appears similar, scientists believe it may represent a different atmospheric phenomenon. The decagon is embedded within a powerful jet stream and extends through multiple layers of Saturn’s atmosphere, suggesting it is more than just a cloud pattern. Researchers are now monitoring it to determine whether it will become a stable feature like the northern hexagon or continue to evolve, offering a rare opportunity to observe the formation of a major planetary weather system in real time.
See the full article at: EarthSky
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